Root canal treatment equipment

Root Canal Therapy uses debridement, chemical and mechanical preparation to remove the source of infection in the root canal, and tightly fill the root canal to prevent periapical lesions or promote the healing of periapical lesions. For infected teeth, first need to use root canal treatment instruments to remove the infected lesions and clean the entire root canal system.

Modern root canal treatment instruments have diversified characteristics in terms of materials, morphological design, power, etc. In 1958, Dr. Ingle discussed the standardization of root canal instruments, requiring dental instrument manufacturers to provide standardized products, and formulating international standard specifications for endodontic instruments , Dental equipment has been further developed. According to ISO (international standards organization) classification standards, root canal preparation instruments can be divided into two categories: hand-operated instruments and power-driven instruments.

The hand instruments mainly include pulp extraction needles, reamers and various root canal files, which are mainly used for rough removal of pulp tissue and debris, and root canal trimming.

Machine tools mainly include G-type reaming drills, P drills, and various nickel-titanium machine files. Nickel (Ni) and titanium (Ti) alloys have a relatively low elastic modulus in a relatively large range. Since it was introduced into dentistry in the 1990s, it was quickly designed as a variety of filing systems driven by electric motors.

After nearly 10 years of clinical exploration and application of the machine-use nickel titanium file system, it was rapidly popularized in the early 21st century. The machine-used nickel-titanium file has the advantages of high efficiency and high safety. It is more suitable for natural root canal morphology, and is more suitable for the preparation of curved root canals. It can effectively remove infectious substances in the root canal, clean and shape the root canal, and quickly realize the root canal. Mechanically clean. At the same time, the ISO standard equipment is defined as the length of the cutting edge of the working end is 16mm, and the length of the instrument from the tip to the handle can be 21, 25, 28, 31mm, but the length of the working end is 16mm and remains constant. The taper of the blade of the instrument is uniformly 0.02.

The IS0 standard root canal file also has certain limitations. In some practices, it hinders root canal cleaning and root canal mechanical purposes. Therefore, the traditional IS0 standard design has been improved or even redesigned to produce a series of non-standard root canal files. IS0 standard hand root canal file.

The design is mainly based on the tip diameter of the file, the design of the tip of the file, the cross-sectional shape of the working blade, the material and the manufacturing process. Extraction needle with hand instruments: The metal rod of the extraction needle is cylindrical, and the shaft has a sufficient number of short and sharp, semi-flexible barbs inclined like a crown. Its models are divided into six types: 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, and 3 according to the diameter of the working end from fine to coarse. When in use, rotate clockwise or counterclockwise and wrap the pulp tissue around the pulp needle through the protruding barbs, and then exit the root canal straightly.

K-type root canal instruments: K files are made of stainless steel wire with a square or triangular cross-section. The cross section of the working blade end is triangular or quadrangular. The threads of the working blade end are dense. There are 1.5-2.25 threads per 1 mm. The angle between the spiral blade and the long axis of the file is relatively large, which is conducive to pulling and cutting the side wall of the root canal. It is used to remove dentin and calcification on the wall of the root canal to make the wall smooth. It is the most widely used root canal preparation instrument. Machine tools G-type reamer: G-type reamer is made of stainless steel or nickel-titanium. Each device has a long and thin rod and a flame-shaped cutting head. The models are divided into small to large diameters according to the cross-sectional diameter of the working end. No. 1 to 6, the reamer is used to open the crown of the root canal and the initial enlargement of the root canal opening in the root canal preparation, so that the preparation instruments and irrigation fluid can easily enter the root canal. The speed requirement is 600～800r/min. Nitinol machine-used instruments: Machine-used Nitinol instruments have strong continuous cutting ability of dentin, high work efficiency, and are suitable for cleaning and shaping curved root canals. The use of machine-used Nitinol instruments significantly reduces the incidence of clinical accidents. Such as blockage, step, root canal deviation and perforation.

Mechanical nickel-titanium instruments have a variety of designs and are continuously updated. They are widely recognized and used in clinical applications. They are usually used in conjunction with a motor that has a fixed speed and can control torque. Modern root canal treatment devices have been continuously developed in terms of materials and shapes to improve performance and ensure efficiency according to various needs, and are widely used in clinical practice of root canal treatment.